HMAS Canberra (D33) was a Royal Australian Navy heavy cruiser of the Kent sub-class of County class cruisers between 1928 and 1942. She was sunk in the Battle of Savo Island, on 9 August 1942, during World War II.

HMAS Canberra was launched on 31 May 1927 by Her Royal Highness Princess Mary and commissioned on 9 July 1928 under the command of Captain George L. Massey RN. After five months in British waters, the Canberra first arrived in Australia at Fremantle, Western Australia on 25 January 1929. The new cruiser remained in her home waters until September 1931 when she made her first voyage outside of Australia to visit New Caledonia and Fiji. Canberra visited China in 1932 and 1937, and New Zealand three times. In 1934, Canberra served as escort to HMS Sussex during Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester's visit to Australia.

In the early hours of August 9, she was on patrol as part of the naval force supporting the Allied invasions of Guadalcanal Island and Tulagi, when she engaged several Japanese cruisers.
Just before 1:45am on 9 August 1942 the Canberra received the opening shots of the Battle of Savo Island from a powerful Japanese cruiser force. Within the first two minutes of the battle she was struck by two torpedoes and over 20 salvoes of 8 inch (203 mm) shellfire. With power lost and the ship listing, the wounded and survivors were transferred to US destroyers Patterson and Blue.

At 8:00am she was sunk by destroyers USS Ellet and USS Selfridge. The two ships fired over 260 5 inches (130 mm) shells and several torpedoes into her hull. She was one of the first ships to be sunk in what would eventually be named 'Ironbottom Sound'.
Canberra's crew suffered 193 casualties during the Battle of Savo Island, including her commanding officer, Frank Getting. 9 officers and 65 ratings were missing and believed to be killed. One officer (Getting) and nine ratings died of their wounds. 10 officers, 96 ratings, and 3 civilian canteen staff were wounded.
Canberra's wreck was rediscovered and examined in July and August 1992, almost exactly fifty years after the sinking. She lies upright on the ocean floor, approximately 2500 ft (760 m) deep, with visible signs of shell hits and fire damage amidships.